848 00, 848 012287WebsiteMilos or Melos (;: Μήλος;: Μῆλος Melos) is a volcanic in the, just north of the. Milos is the southwesternmost island in the group.The (now in the ) and the (now in the ) were both found on the island, as were a and an archaic now in. Milos is a popular tourist destination during the summer. The of Milos also includes the uninhabited offshore islands of. The combined land area is 160.147 square kilometres (61.833 sq mi) and the 2011 census population was 4,977 inhabitants.
The Lady of Phylakopi (14th-century BC) in the(a glass-like volcanic rock) from Milos was a commodity as early as years ago. Natural glass from Milos was transported over long distances and used for razor-sharp 'stone tools' well before farming began and later: 'There is no early farming village in the that doesn't get obsidian'. The mining of obsidian did not lead to the development of permanent habitation or manufacturing on the island.
Instead, those in search of obsidian arrived by boat, beaching it in a suitable cove and cutting pieces of the volcanic glass from the quarries.The position of Milos, between mainland Greece and, and its possession of obsidian, made it an important centre of early. Milos lost its arms-making importance when became the preferred material for the manufacture of weapons. The Bronze Age The first settlement at ( Φυλακωπή) arose in the, flourishing as the extraction of obsidian was in the decline.
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The first settlers were fishermen. Lying on the north-east coast, 1896 excavations by the revealed a town wall and a -inspired structure, dubbed the Pillar room, which contained fragments of vivid wall paintings. The famous fresco of the flying fish was found in the ruins of the Pillar room and was executed with delicate colouring and graphic observation of nature in the graceful movement of a fish. Stylistic similarities to Minoan are suggested, and it could perhaps have been the work of a Cretan artist.
Part of the site has been washed away by the sea.The antiquities found at the site covered three major periods, from the Early to the. At the site much pottery was excavated, with several changing styles and influences over the site's long occupation. In the early occupation of the site, there are many similarities and imports from other Cycladic islands and the settlement was very small. During the however, the site expanded significantly and the expansion of Minoan Crete saw an influx of Minoan pottery into the Cyclades, particularly at on, though much found its way to Phylakopi.
The quantities found at the Cycladic sites have been taken to suggest a Minoan control over the region, though it could also be the consumptive nature of the islanders adopting Cretan fashions. There is more than just pottery at Phylakopi however, the eruption of the Thera volcano saw a reduction in Minoan presence in the Cyclades and it is at this time that Mycenaean involvement on the islands increases. At Phylakopi (and unknown in the rest of the Cyclades) a structure, which is typically associated with the Mycenaean palaces, such as those at, and has been discovered. This has been taken to suggest that the Mycenaeans conquered the settlement and installed a seat of power for a governor.
The evidence is not clear, though again it could be a legacy of the islanders adopting foreign elements into their culture. Particularly unexpected was the discovery in the 1970s of a shrine at the site, which contained many examples of figurines, including the famous 'Lady of Phylakopi'. The shrine is unprecedented in the Bronze Age Cyclades and has provided a valuable insight into the beliefs and rituals of the inhabitants of Phylakopi.
The site was eventually abandoned and was never reoccupied.Dorian settlement. See also:During the (431-404 BC) between Athens and Sparta, the Melians made some small donations to the Spartan war effort but remained largely neutral despite sharing the Spartans' ethnicity. In 426 BC, the Athenians raided the Melian countryside, and the following year demanded tribute, but Melos refused. In the summer of 416 BC, Athens invaded again with 3,400 men, and demanded that Melos ally with them against Sparta, or be destroyed.
The Melians rejected this, so the Athenian army laid siege to the city and eventually captured it in the winter. After the city's fall, the Athenians executed all the adult men, and sold the women and children into slavery. They then settled 500 of their own colonists on the island. In 405 BC, with Athens losing the war, the Spartan general expelled the Athenian settlers from Melos and repatriated the survivors of the siege. Sparta annexed Melos, which would mean that like other liberated islands, it received a military governor (a ).The tribulations of its population and the loss of its independence meant that the cultural distinctiveness of Melos faded away as it was absorbed into mainstream Greek culture.
Their coinage switched to the Rhodian standard ( weighing 15.3 g ) and ceased bearing the word ΜΑΛΙΟΝ. The production of its terracotta reliefs also ceased.The Hellenistic period In 338 BC, defeated the Greeks at the and became the of Greece and the Cyclades. During this time, Melos and the nearby island disputed each other over the ownership of the islands of, Heterea, and Libea (the last two are probably today's uninhabited islands of ). In the past, this dispute would have been settled by war, but the two communities took their dispute to on the Greek mainland. The Argives decided the islands belonged to Kimolos.
The Roman and Byzantine period In 197 BC, the forced Philip V to withdraw from Greece, and Melos subsequently came under Roman influence.During the early 9th century CE the were harassed by raiders, though how Milos fared at this time is unclear. Milos was mentioned in a of 1198, which shows it was still important to the Byzantines. Medieval period. The port of Adamas.In the aftermath of the (1204), the seized control of Milos and a number of other islands in the. Sanudo declared himself the, after the island where he established his capital.
Sanudo did not make his duchy a vassal of Venice, but instead declared loyalty to the. Sanudo's dynasty lasted nine generations, then was succeeded by the. Both families were. The majority of the population was (and still is).Up to this point, the population of Melos was overwhelmingly Greek Orthodox Christian, just like the rest of the archipelago. When the Venetians conquered the archipelago, they brought Catholicism with them.
The first Catholic bishop of Milos was appointed in 1253. Ottoman period In 1566 the Venetians handed over the Duchy of Naxos to the, and its last Catholic duke fled to Venice.
The Ottoman sultan appointed a named as its duke. Upon Nasi's death in 1579, the Ottomans formally annexed the territory. Women's dress in the early 18th century.In the early 18th century, the population surpassed 6,000 and was almost entirely Greek and Christian. It was ruled by Turkish judge or, and a Turkish governor. The voivode was responsible for collecting taxes and enforcing the decisions of the kadi. The day-to-day affairs of the island were managed by three elected magistrates ( ), although any of their decisions could be appealed to the kadi.
The island had two: one Greek Orthodox and one Latin Catholic. The Greek bishop was wealthier than his Latin counterpart, as he had a larger revenue base. Although the islanders enjoyed a great degree of autonomy, they chafed under the heavy taxation of their Ottoman overlords.In 1771 the island was occupied by the for three years, then retaken by the Ottomans.In the late 18th century, the population declined considerably for uncertain reasons. By 1798, it had fallen below 500 people.
Visitors reported that up to two thirds of the buildings had fallen into ruin. It began growing again in the early 19th century, reaching 5,000 people by 1821. Reliable figures are hard to find as the Ottoman Empire never performed a before 1881.Modern period. Columns of lava at islet, north of Milos. The lava is of late age.Milos is the southwesternmost island in the Cyclades, 120 kilometres (75 miles) due east from the of Laconia.
From east to west it measures about 23 km (14 mi), from north to south 13 km (8.1 mi), and its area is estimated at 151 square kilometres (58 sq mi). The greater portion is rugged and hilly, culminating in Mount Profitis Elias 748 metres (2,454 feet) in the west. Like the rest of the cluster, the island is of origin, with, and among its ordinary rocks. The natural is the hollow of the principal crater, which, with a depth diminishing from 70 to 30 (130–55 m), strikes in from the northwest so as to separate the island into two fairly equal portions ( see photo), with an isthmus not more than 18 km (11 mi) broad. In one of the caves on the south coast, the heat from the volcano is still great, and on the eastern shore of the harbour, there are hot springs.Antimelos or Antimilos, 13 miles (21 km) north-west of Milos, is an uninhabited mass of trachyte, often called Erimomilos (Desert Milos). Kimolos, or Argentiera, 1.6 km (0.99 mi) to the north-east, was famous in antiquity for its and fuller's earth, and contained a considerable city, the remains of which cover the cliff of St.
(also called Polinos, Polybos or Polivo — alternative spelling Polyaegos) lies 2 km (1 mi) south-east of Kimolos. It was the subject of dispute between the Milians and Kimolians. It is now uninhabited.The harbour town is; from this there is an ascent to the plateau above the harbour, on which are situated, the chief town, and, rising on a hill above it, and other villages. The ancient town of Milos was nearer to the entrance of the harbour than Adamas, and occupied the slope between the village of and the landing-place at. Here is a theatre of date and some remains of town walls and other buildings, one with a fine excavated by the school at Athens in 1896.
Numerous fine works of art have been found on this site, notably the in, the in, and the and the archaic in Athens. Other villages include, and (Kampos).Climate Milos has a ( Csa) with mild, rainy winters and warm to hot dry summers. The bay of Milos, and small quantities of are actively collected via or techniques in Milos and sold all over the world. In the past, millstones and were also mined; in fact, Pliny notes that Milos was the most abundant source of sulfur in the ancient world. In ancient times the alum of Milos was reckoned next to that of (Pliny xxxv. The Melian earth was employed as a by ancient artists.
Milos was a source of during the Neolithic ages for the Aegean and Mediterranean., tamarisk, juniper (Juniperus oxycedrus) and trees grow throughout the island, which, however, is too dry to have any profusion of vegetation., and are the main crops.Demographics Historical population YearIsland population5,000994,77120114,977People. (5th century BC),. (5th century BC), poet. (active 1557–1590), captain and cartographer. (1556–1629), painterSister island.,See also. (MLO).References.