Retail Space vs. Commercial Space – What’s the Difference? Sacha R - Friday, August 11, 2017. You’ve heard the terms “retail space” and “commercial space”, but do you know the difference? Before you enter a lease, you need to know the difference and what each space can mean for your business! Commercial Office Retail Space.
The office of king from the (, Romania)An office is generally a or other area where an perform work in order to support and realize objects and goals of the organization. The word 'office' may also denote a position within an organization with specific duties attached to it (see, ); the latter is in fact an earlier usage, office as place originally referring to the location of one's duty.
When used as an, the term 'office' may refer to -related tasks. In, a or organization has offices in any place where it has an official presence, even if that presence consists of (for example) a rather than an establishment with -and. An office is also an and phenomenon: ranging from a small office such as a in the corner of a of extremely small size (see ), through entire floors of buildings, up to and including massive buildings dedicated entirely to one company. In modern terms an office is usually the location where carry out their functions.
As per, 'Office is that part of which is devoted to the direction and co-ordination of its various activities.' Offices in were often part of a palace complex or of a large temple. The (1000–1300) saw the rise of the medieval, which was usually the place where most government letters were written and where laws were copied in the administration of a kingdom. With the growth of large, complex organizations in the 18th century, the first purpose-built office spaces were constructed. As the intensified in the 18th and 19th centuries, the industries of, and grew dramatically, requiring many clerks, and as a result more office space was assigned to house their activities. The, pioneered in manufacturing by (1856-1915) led to the 'Modern Efficiency Desk' of 1915 with a flat top and drawers below, designed to allow managers an easy view of the workers.However, by the middle of the 20th century, it became apparent that an efficient office required discretion in the control of, and gradually the system evolved.The main purpose of an office environment is to support its occupants in performing their jobs.
In an office are typically used for conventional office activities such as reading, writing and computer work. There are nine generic types of work spaceeach supporting different activities. In addition to individual cubicles, one can find, and spaces for support activities, such as photocopying and filing.
Some offices also have a kitchen area where workers can make their lunches. There are many different ways of arranging the space in an office and whilst these vary according to function, managerial and the culture of specific companies can be even more important.While offices can be built in almost any location and in almost any building, some modern requirements for offices make this more difficult, such as requirements for light, networking, and security. The major purpose of an office building is to provide a workplace and working environment - primarily for administrative and managerial workers.
These workers usually occupy set areas within the office building, and usually are provided with desks, and other equipment they may need within these areas. Contents.History The structure and shape of the office is impacted by both management thought as well as construction materials and may or may not have walls or barriers. The word stems from the Latin, and its equivalents in various, mainly romance, languages. An officium was not necessarily a place, but rather an often mobile 'bureau' in the sense of a human staff or even the abstract notion of a formal position, such as a magistrature. The relatively elaborate Roman bureaucracy would not be equaled for centuries in the West after the fall of, even partially reverting to illiteracy, while the East preserved a more sophisticated administrative culture, both under Byzantium and under Islam.Offices in classical antiquity were often part of a palace complex or a large temple. There was usually a room where were kept and did their work.
Ancient texts mentioning the work of scribes allude to the existence of such 'offices'. These rooms are sometimes called 'libraries' by some archaeologists and the general press because one often associates scrolls with literature. In fact they were true offices since the scrolls were meant for record keeping and other management functions such as treaties and edicts, and not for writing or keeping poetry or other works of fiction.Middle Ages The (1000–1300) saw the rise of the medieval, which was usually the place where most government letters were written and where laws were copied in the administration of a kingdom.
The rooms of the chancery often had walls full of pigeonholes, constructed to hold rolled up pieces of parchment for safekeeping or ready reference, a precursor to the bookshelf. The introduction of printing during the did not change these early government offices much. An early officeMedieval illustrations, such as paintings or tapestries, often show people in their private offices handling record-keeping books or writing on scrolls of. All kinds of writings seemed to be mixed in these early forms of offices. Before the invention of the and its distribution there was often a very thin line between a private office and a private since books were read or written in the same space at the same or, and general accounting and personal or private letters were also done there.It was during the 13th century that the English form of the word first appeared when referring to a position involving duties (ex. The office of the.). Appears to have first used the word in 1395 to mean a place where business is transacted in.As became the dominant economic theory of the, merchants tended to conduct their business in the same buildings, which might include retail sales, warehousing and clerical work.
During the 15th century, population density in many cities reached the point where stand-alone buildings were used by merchants to conduct their business, and there was a developing a distinction between church, government/military, and commerce uses for buildings. Emergence of the modern office With the growth of large, complex organizations such as the and the in the 18th century, the first purpose-built office spaces were constructed. The Old Admiralty was built in 1726 as a three-storey U-shaped brick building and was the first purpose built office building in Great Britain. As well as offices, the building housed a board room and for the Lords of the Admiralty. In the 1770s, many scattered offices for the were gathered into, the first block purpose-built for office work.
The sprawling complex of the extended c.1800. The company employed an army of bureaucrats to administer its territories in India.The was built in 1729 on as the headquarters from which the East India Company administered its. The Company developed a very complex bureaucracy for the task, which required thousands of office employees to process the necessary paperwork. The Company recognized the benefits of centralized administration, and required that all workers sign in and out at the central office, daily.As the intensified in the 18th and 19th centuries, the industries of, and dramatically grew in size and complexity. To transact business, an increasing large number of clerks were needed to handle order-processing, accounting, and document filing, with increasingly specialized office space required to house these activities. Most of the desks of the era were top heavy with paper storage bins extending above the desk-work area, giving the appearance of a cubicle and offering the workers some degree of privacy.The relatively high price of land in the central core of cities lead to the first multi-story buildings, which were limited to about 10 stories until the use of allowed for higher structures. The first purpose-built office block was the Brunswick Building, built in in 1841.
The invention of the safety in 1852 by saw the rapid escalation upward of buildings. By the end of the 19th century, larger office buildings frequently contained large glass to allow light into the complex and improve air circulation.20th century. An office in 1903, equipped withBy 1906, Roebuck and Co had opened their mail order and headquarters operation in a 3,000,000-square-foot (280,000 m 2) building in Chicago, at the time the largest building in the world. The, pioneered in manufacturing by and later applied to the office environment by and, led to the idea that managers needed to play an active role in directing the work of subordinates in order to increase the efficiency of the workplace.
Taylor advocated the use of large, open floor plans, and desks that faced supervisors. As a result, in 1915, the in New York City introduced the “Modern Efficiency Desk” with a flat top and drawers below, designed to allow managers an easy view of the workers. This led to a demand for a large square footages per floor in buildings, and a return to the open spaces that were seen in pre–industrial revolution buildings. 1937 image of the Division of Classification and Cataloging,However, by the midpoint of the 20th century, it became apparent that an efficient office required discretion in the control of privacy, which is needed to combat tedium linked to poor productivity, and to encourage creativity. In 1964, the company engaged, a prolific industrial designer, who came up with the concept of the which later evolved into the office furniture system. Japan 20th century office Japanese businesses have set themselves apart from their American counterparts by implementing different techniques in the way they handle business.
The Japanese office layout improves work productivity, harmony in the office, and holds every employee accountable for the work they produce. The type of office layout used in Japan is called an, and relies on ergonomics to help make employees as productive as possible. The Japanese open office layout allows them to use an organizational structure known as the horizontal structure. In the typical Japanese office there are no walls dividing desks, no cubicles, and no individual offices. Also they are able to implement policies using the ringi-sho consensus.In order to get group members to work effectively in the open office floor plan the use of island style desks are used. The most dominant feature of the Japanese island style office layout is that each group forms an island.
Kageyu Noro, Goroh Fujimaki & Shinsuke Kishi, researches of ergonomics in the work place, stated,” Japanese offices have traditionally adhered to island layouts because these reflect the Japanese style of teamwork and top-down style of management.” The group leader will then sit at the prominent position and ensure productivity. Island style seatingThe group leader will assign a task to the group, and each member of the group then receives their individual task to complete.
Island style seating also gives the group the benefit of being able to speak to one another at any time, and ask for help if needed. Being in such close proximity to one another in the office gives another advantage to the supervisor in that he can call an uchi-awase. Uchi-awase is an informal meeting in order to get an important message across, and also allows all members of the team to be creative in the office. “The open office layout allows for this because there are hardly any independent rooms or enclosures. If the supervisor stands at his desk he can glance at his associates and easily call them over.”, according to Durlabhji, Subhash, Norton E.
Marks, and Scott Roach, authors of Japanese Business: Cultural Perspective. Once all individual tasks are complete the group then combines each person’s work and the project is the put together as a whole and returned to the supervisor. The work is viewed as a team effort and that each member of the group receives equal credit for being part of a team completing the goal assigned. The group itself holds each member accountable for ensuring that the work is getting done, and that no one individual is doing more work than another. Another motivating factor is that the group's boss is also seated at the same desk, and the effect that this has on the individuals is that they must work hard just like the boss. The role of having an open layout with island type seating allows the office to be structured so the employees are put together as teams.The type of organizational structure found within the Japanese office is known as a horizontal structure. According to Andrew, Ghillyer, author of Management Now,” Horizontal structure is an organization structure consisting of two groups: the first composed of senior management responsible for strategic decisions and policies and the second composed of empowered employees working together in different process teams; also known as a team structure.” The benefit of using this type of structure is that hierarchy is flattened to reduce supervision, teams are able to self-manage, team performance, not just the individual is rewarded, and training is highly emphasized amongst all employees.
With the heightened sense of empowerment and responsibility workers are motivated to complete objectives in a timely manner. Having the office structured horizontally allows for the easy communication of introducing new policies and ideas amongst the groups.“Ringisho” is the concept of submitting proposals and making decisions off those ideas. By unifying everyone together in the Japanese office it helps to make better-informed decisions on policies of the company that all managers and employees have input on. The idea behind this is to get a hold of various thinking individuals to see if there is a good way in writing their policies that come to benefit the company better.
Richard Lewis, author of When Cultures Collide, states “Suggestions, ideas and inventions make their way up the company hierarchy by a process of collecting signatures among workers and middle managers. Many people are involved. Top executives take the final step in ratifying items that have won sufficient approval.” With this system in place changes to policies are only passed if there is an overall consensus to pass it. Allowing each group to have a say on which policies should be implemented improves overall job satisfaction and harmony throughout the office.The way Japanese offices are structured allow them to be more efficient when conducting business. The efficiency at which they operate has been noticed by such companies General Motors, Ford, Motorola, and Chrysler Company. They continue to look for other ways to be more efficient and productive with the office layout and employee productivity.Office spaces The main purpose of an office environment is to support its occupants in performing their job—preferably at minimum cost and to maximum satisfaction.
With different people performing different tasks and activities, however, it is not always easy to select the right office spaces. To aid decision-making in workplace and office design, one can distinguish three different types of office spaces: work spaces, meeting spaces and support spaces. For new, or developing businesses, remote satellite offices and project rooms, can provide a simple solution and provide all of the former types of space.Work spaces Work spaces in an office are typically used for conventional office activities such as reading, writing and computer work. There are nine generic types of work space, each supporting different activities. Touch downStudy booth: An enclosed work space for one person; suitable for short-term activities which demand concentration or confidentialityWork lounge: A lounge-like work space for two to six people; suitable for short-term activities which demand collaboration and/or allow impromptu interactionTouch down: An open work space for one person; suitable for short-term activities which require little concentration and low interactionMeeting spaces Meeting spaces in an office typically use interactive processes, be it quick conversations or intensive brainstorms. There are six generic types of meeting space, each supporting different activities.
Meeting pointLarge meeting space: An open or semi-open meeting space for five to twelve people; suitable for short, informal interactionBrainstorm room: An enclosed meeting space for five to twelve people; suitable for brainstorming sessions and workshopsMeeting point: An open meeting point for two to four persons; suitable for ad hoc, informal meetingsSupport spaces Support spaces in an office are typically used for secondary activities such as filing documents or taking a break. There are twelve generic types of support space, each supporting different activities. Open plan offices, above, Wellington, New ZealandThere are many different ways of arranging the space in an office and whilst these vary according to function, managerial, and the culture of specific companies can be even more important. Choices include, how many people will work within the same room. At one extreme, each individual worker will have their own room; at the other extreme a large office can be made up of one main room with tens or hundreds of people working in the same space. Open plan offices put multiple workers together in the same space, and some studies have shown that they can improve short term productivity, i.e. Within a single.
At the same time, the loss of privacy and security can increase the incidence of theft and loss of company secrets. A type of compromise between open plan and individual rooms is provided by the, possibly made most famous by the cartoon series, which solves visual privacy to some extent, but often fails on acoustic separation and security. Most cubicles also require the occupant to sit with their back towards anyone who might be approaching; workers in walled offices almost always try to position their normal work seats and desks so that they can see someone entering, and in some instances, install tiny mirrors on things such as computer monitors.Office buildings.
The in is a high-rise office building, the tallest of its kind in the U.S.While offices can be built in almost any location and in almost any building, some modern requirements for offices make this more difficult. These requirements can be both legal ( e.g. Light levels must be sufficient) or technical ( e.g. Requirements for computer networking). Alongside, other requirements such as security and flexibility of layout, has led to the creation of special which are dedicated only or primarily for use as offices.
An office building, also known as an office block or business center is a form of which contains spaces mainly designed to be used for offices.The primary purpose of an office building is to provide a workplace and working environment primarily for administrative and managerial workers. These workers usually occupy set areas within the office building, and usually are provided with desks, PCs and other equipment they may need within these areas.An office building will be divided into sections for different companies or may be dedicated to one company. In either case, each company will typically have a reception area, one or several meeting rooms, singular or open-plan offices, as well as toilets.Many office buildings also have kitchen facilities and a staff room, where workers can have lunch or take a short break.
Many office spaces are now also spaces, which means that those occupying a space or building can share facilities.Office and retail rental rates Rental rates for office and retail space are typically quoted in terms of money per floor-area–time, usually money per floor-area per year or month. For example, the rate for a particular property may be $29 per square-foot per year ($29/s.f/yr) - $290 per square-meter–year ($290/m 2/a), and rates in the area could range $20–$50/s.f./yr ($200–$500/m 2a).In many countries, rent is typically paid monthly even if usually discussed in terms of years.Examples:. A particular 2,000 s.f. Space is priced at $15/s.f./yr = (2,000 s.f.) × ($15/s.f./a) / (12 mo/yr) = $2500/month. A 200 m 2 space priced at $150/m 2a = (200 m 2) × ($150/m 2a) / (12 mo/a) = $2500/monthIn a gross lease, the rate quoted is an all-inclusive rate. One pays a set amount of rent per time and the landlord is responsible for all other expenses such as costs of utilities, taxes, insurance, maintenance, and repairs.The triple net lease is one in which the tenant is liable for a share of various expenses such as property taxes, insurance, maintenance, utilities, climate control, repairs, janitorial services and landscaping.Office rents in the United States are still recovering from the high vacancy rates that occurred in the wake of the 2008 depression.
Grading The (BOMA) classifies office space into three categories: Class A, Class B, and Class C. According to BOMA, Class A office buildings have the 'most prestigious buildings competing for premier office users with rents above average for the area'. BOMA states that Class A facilities have 'high quality standard finishes, state of the art systems, exceptional accessibility and a definite market presence'. BOMA describes Class B office buildings as those that compete 'for a wide range of users with rents in the average range for the area'. BOMA states that Class B buildings have 'adequate systems' and finishes that 'are fair to good for the area', but that the buildings do not compete with Class A buildings for the same prices. According to BOMA Class C buildings are aimed towards 'tenants requiring functional space at rents below the average for the area'. The lack of specifics allows considerable room for 'fudging' the boundaries of the categories.
Oftentimes, the above categories are further modified by adding the plus or minus sign to create subclasses, such as Class A+ or Class B.In order to differentiate between modern A class buildings and aging A class buildings, the notion of triple A class, and double A class is used. A triple A class building that is 20 years old may be referred to as double A building or simply an A Class building, typically dependent on the number of new A class buildings that have been built since it was constructed. See also.
Queuing for Beginners: The Story of Daily Life From Breakfast to Bedtime. London: Profile Books (published 2010). Retrieved 2018-09-08. the Modern Efficiency Desk, first made in 1915 by Steelcase Inc. For the New York offices of Equitable Assurance. This desk, which was a simple, rectangular table with small drawers, replaced the cabinet-like desks, with their high backs made up of little drawers and cubby holes, which dominated office life before the First World War. At their new efficiency desks, office workers could be watched, monitored and subjected to time-and-motion studies.
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Office Depot interior in Mergers and acquisitions In April 1991, it merged with Office Club, which provided an expansion to the. Office Depot entered the European and Australian direct mail market, after acquiring in May 1998.On July 18, 1997, the (FTC) reported that a federal district court in Washington, D.C. Granted their request for a preliminary injunction, blocking Office Depot and Staples from merging as one company.In December 2001, Viking Direct expanded to Central America with new retail stores in El Salvador, Guatemala, and Costa Rica through a joint licensing agreement. Office Depot sold Office Depot Europe (Viking Direct's parent) to an investment firm in September 2017.On February 20, 2013, it was announced that Office Depot and would combine in an all stock deal, pending regulatory approval and stockholder approval. The merger was completed on November 5, 2013. In May 2014, Office Depot announced the closure of four hundred stores, due to declining sales and customer migration to e retailers.On February 4, 2015, it was announced that rival had agreed to purchase Office Depot, in a cash and stock deal worth approximately $6.3 billion.
However, the voted to block the merger in December 2015. The granted the FTC a preliminary injunction against the merger on May 10, 2016, resulting in the proposed merger's termination.In January 2017, Gerry Smith was named as the company's new CEO, effective February 27. Smith was the chief operating officer at Group.Office Depot bought technology services firm in 2017 to help it compete with, warning investors at the time that the acquisition would show disappointing revenue in the quarter whose earnings would be reported in May 2019. Shares dropped significantly in early April 2019 as a result.
Environmental initiatives. Office Depot's first (now closed) 'green' store inOffice Depot built a Gold certified retail store in, in April 2008.
The Boca Raton headquarters was also awarded LEED Gold certification in September 2010. Sponsorships In January 2005, Office Depot became a partner of, with the title “Official Office Products Partner of NASCAR”. In the same year, the company signed on as the primary sponsor of the #99, owned by and previously driven. They sponsored Edwards until the end of the 2008 season.In December 2008, Office Depot announced that it would become the co primary sponsor for and the No. 14 at in 2009.
In September 2012, Office Depot announced it would not renew sponsorship with Tony Stewart or Stewart-Haas Racing.In November 2012, Office Depot partnered with the to sell limited edition office supplies and give 25% of earnings to the organization. FTC settlement In March 2019, Office Depot and, Inc., a California-based tech support software provider, agreed to pay a total of $35 million to settle allegations that the companies tricked customers into buying millions of dollars' worth of computer repair and technical services by deceptively claiming their software had found malware symptoms on the customers' computers.
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